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The tropical and semi-enclosed Arafura and Timor Seas (ATS) are shared by Australia, Indonesia, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea (PNG). The ATS region is extremely rich in living and non-living marine resources, including major fisheries and oil and gas reserves. The ATS region is located at the intersection of the two major Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs), the Indonesian Seas to the North and Northern Australian waters to the South, and is also an integral part of the Coral Triangle zone considered to have the highest marine biodiversity in the world. The ATS region exhibits high productivity that sustains both small- and large-scales fisheries that provide livelihoods for millions of people in the region. The threats facing the ATS region are transboundary in nature and can only be effectively addressed through multi-lateral cooperation between all four littoral nations.
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